The traffic accident does not happen instantaneously, but it is an evolution taking place in two physical dimensions, ie space and time.
These phases are assessed at the time a driver is on the way an obstacle, or presented to him a sudden danger, the first thing done after a quick assessment of the circumstances, decide to move that seems more desirable in order to overcome the emergency.
1. PHASE PERCEPTION
is the phase where any of the participants or road users, perceived risk (Point of possible perception) and so does the risk is understood as a threat (Royal Collection Point).
This latter perception may vary with each person as it may be influenced by reflections motivated by sensibility, or practice, producing a rapid response to stimulation, without an accurate perception of danger. Also it should be clear that for a driver traveling at a certain speed, angle Aplio present a clear vision where it can be when moving vision to the sides, taking into account that faster does not show this movement, there is only a distant point and clear visual angle is reduced in 10 degrees.
2. DECISION PHASE
Response Point.
is the place where a person responds to the stimulus generated by perception of danger and initiates a rapid assessment of the maneuver to be executed to avoid or minimize the accident.
During the brief analysis that the person to select a move, you use a certain time (reaction time), during which a driver has not executed the maneuver and the vehicle keeps moving, over a distance (distance reaction) which is determined in accordance with the time to analyze and assess the risk (0.8 and 1.3 seconds to alert people in the state) and vehicle speed.
A simple example is when traveling in a vehicle at a speed of 60 km / h and the driver reacts to a danger for a maximum of one (1) second. The reaction distance traveled by the vehicle shall be at least 16.66 meters. After this distance should take into account the distance traveled by the vehicle during the maneuver executed. If the selected segment has been slow, the vehicle will require at least a distance of 18.00 meters long as the surface is dry asphalt, increase this distance depending on the conditions and characteristics of road surface on which to conduct an effective blockade of your tires.
A vehicle traveling at 60 km / h during normal visibility, dry asphalt surface and the driver's reaction time in one (1) second, the vehicle will need a minimum total of 34.00 meters to stop and prevent the accident.
How to determine whether a meter unit change every 100 meters?
When traveling in a taxi, note that the unit during the course changes very fast, so easy to determine if it is properly calibrated as follows: Note
the vehicle to travel at a constant speed, such as when traveling at 60 Km / h must calculate the time it takes to switch from one unit to another at that speed. Take the timer on your watch or cell, if the meter is 50 units, changing to 51 units start the stopwatch, a time change to 52 units stop the timer and check the time in seconds it took to change the unit.
If the vehicle is kept at a speed of 60 km / h and the unit time of 5 (five) seconds, multiply 60 x (for) 0.27777; is equal to 16.66 m / sec. Then multiply 16.66 m / sec x (by) the time of 5 seconds for the unit, is equal to 83.30 meters. According
as described above, we see that the meter is not changing every 100 meters, but in 83.30 meters, which indicates that it is calibrated and well during the race will increase more units you normally would to cancel.
January 3, 2008 Enter.com.co
Using cell phones in cars increase traffic congestion.
Because these drivers are distracted and their ability to react more slowly.
That says a study by the University of Utah (USA). This ensures that those people, and use the speakerphone, can reduce travel times of other drivers between 5 and 10 percent.
The study, quoted by The Wall Street Journal says that drivers who talk on the phone from the car tend to drive 3.2 miles per hour slower than the others.
addition, these People often stand behind the cars that go slower without changing lanes, and so help to remove vehicular traffic flow.
David Strayer, a psychology professor at the University of Utah, who led the study, told The Wall Street Journal that the decrease in the responsiveness of people talking on the phone in the vehicle can be compared with that of people who, legally, can be considered drunk.
On average, drivers who use the phone it takes 3 percent more than the others driving on congested routes, and 2 percent more in average traffic. And about 10 percent of drivers tends to be on the phone, the impact on traffic in general is great, as Strayer.
To reach these conclusions, the study analyzed the reactions of three dozen people in car simulators.
3. CONFLICT PHASE
phase in which the accident occurs physically, despite performing to make any evasive maneuvers (braking or cornering), which although they may reduce the severity of the accident were not sufficient, adequate or appropriate to achieve avoided.
In the conflict phase, depending on the point and place of impact, characteristics of mass, velocity, among others, generate movements or caracteríscitas kinematics to determine the final position of the masses.
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